Spatial analysis of vaccine coverage in children under the age of 1 year by mesoregions in Paraíba a northeastern Brazilian state.

Immunization is one of the most effective measures in public health, and it is responsible for the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. In the present study, vaccine coverage (VC) and the spatial dynamics of homogeneity of VC (HVC) were compared and analyzed in the terms of the immunobiologicals administered to children aged < 1 year in a state in Paraíba, Brazil. This is a mixed ecological study that used public-domain secondary data from the years 2016 and 2017 from the Information System of the Brazilian National Immunization Program (SI-PNI) and the Brazilian National Information System of Live Births (SINASC). VC rates were calculated by dividing the number of administered doses by the number of live births. Then, VC was classified into four categories. The Municipal HVC was considered adequate when the overall VC exceeds 75%. The study included a descriptive analysis and a spatial autocorrelation analysis for HVC using global and local Moran's statistics. The stratified VC analysis revealed a significant number of municipalities in each of the state's mesoregions with low or very low VC rates for all immunobiologicals, with the Mata Paraibana mesoregion having the worst percentages in both years studied. The spatial analysis of HVC revealed several clusters of inadequate homogeneity, with Mata Paraibana being the worst mesoregion in 2016. The analysis of spatial dynamics and spatial statistics techniques allows the precise identification of vulnerable areas, "vaccination pockets," making it possible to develop plans aimed at meeting the targets of the PNI.

Spatial analysis of measles vaccination coverage in the State of São Paulo.

BACKGROUND: Measles is a contagious viral disease that seriously affects children. The measles vaccine is widely recommended in Brazil and in the world; however, the disease remains relevant for the health authorities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate first and second dose of measles vaccine coverage (VC) in the cities of São Paulo and its spatial dynamics between 2015 and 2020. METHOD: In this mixed-type ecological study, we used secondary, public domain data from 2015 to 2020, extracted from the Digital Information System of the National Immunization Program, Mortality Information System and the National Live Birth Information System. After calculating the VC, the following four categories were created: very low, low, adequate, and high, and the spatial autocorrelation of VC was analyzed using the Global and Local Moran's statistics. RESULTS: A steady decline in adherence to the vaccination was observed, which dynamically worsened until 2020, with a high number of cities fitting the classification of ineffective coverage and being potentially harmful to the effectiveness of the immunization activities of their neighbors. CONCLUSION: A direct neighborhood pattern was observed between the units with low vaccination coverage, which implied that the reduction in measles VC was somehow related to and negatively influenced by the geographic location and social culture of these areas.

Análise espacial da tuberculose e sua relação com fatores socioeconômicos na Paraíba: um estudo ecológico / Spatial analysis of tuberculosis and its relationship with socioeconomic factors in Paraíba: an ecological study

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos. MÉTODO: Estudo ecológico, misto, com análise espacial dos casos de tuberculose no estado da Paraíba, notificados no período de 2015 a 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram notificados 6.082 casos, com incidência média de 37,4/100 mil habitantes. Nenhum município foi classificado com desenvolvimento "muito baixo", embora exista significância estatística entre as taxas de incidência e os fatores socioambientais. CONCLUSÃO: O índice de Moran apontou autocorrelação positiva entre as áreas com altas incidências. O Moran Map releva clusters que indicam concentração da infecção entre a Zona da Mata e o Agreste Paraibano, sendo o maior deles formado por 19 municípios.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its association with socioeconomic factors. METHOD: A mixed-methods ecological study with spatial analysis of tuberculosis cases in the state of Paraíba, reported from 2015 to 2018. RESULTS: A total of 6,082 cases were reported, with a mean incidence of 37.4/100,000 inhabitants. No municipality was classified as having "very low" development, although statistical significance exists between the incidence rates and the socioenvironmental factors. CONCLUSION: The Moran Index pointed out a positive autocorrelation between areas with high incidence values. The Moran Map reveals clusters that indicate a concentration of the infection between Zona da Mata and Agreste Paraibano, the largest of which comprises 19 municipalities.

Tendência dos casos notificados de hepatites virais no estado de mato grosso - brasil / Trend of viral hepatitis cases notified in the state of mato grosso - brazil / Tendencia de los casos notificados de hepatitis viral en el estado de mato grosso, brasil

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as tendências temporais dos casos notificados de hepatites virais em Mato Grosso - BR, no período de 2010 a 2019. Método: estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico, com coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para análise da tendência temporal foi realizada transformação logarítmica dos coeficientes e procedimento de Prais-Winsten para análise de regressão linear generalizada. Resultados: foram registrados 9.043 casos de hepatites virais: hepatites A (13,62%), B (67,19%), C (18,07%), D (0,49%) e ausência de registros hepatite E. Houve maior prevalência de casos notificados em 2014 (12,36%) e menor em 2018 (8,16%). A hepatite C (IC95% 2,5; 3,4) foi a única com tendência crescente, enquanto A (IC95% -4,8; -4,6), B (IC95% -0,9; -1,2) e D (IC95% -0,2; -3,9) apresentaram tendência decrescente. Conclusão: conclui-se que é imprescindível a continuidade e melhoria das ações de enfrentamento para eliminação desses agravos no estado em face de suas tendências e incidência.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the time trends of viral hepatitis cases notified from 2010 to 2019 in Mato Grosso - BR. Method: an epidemiological study of the ecological type, with data collection in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. For the analysis of the time trend, a logarithmic transformation of the coefficients and the Prais-Winsten procedure for generalized linear regression analysis were performed. Results: 9,043 viral hepatitis cases were recorded: Hepatitis A (13.62%), Hepatitis B (67.19%), Hepatitis C (18.07%) and Hepatitis D (0.49%), with no Hepatitis E records. The prevalence of cases notified was higher in 2014 (12.36%) and lower in 2018 (8.16%). Hepatitis C (95% CI: 2.5; 3.4) was the only one with an increasing trend, while Hepatitis A (95% CI: -4.8; -4.6), Hepatitis B (95% CI: -0.9; -1.2) and Hepatitis D (95% CI:-0.2; -3.9) presented a decreasing trend. Conclusion: in view of their trends and incidence, it is concluded that it is indispensable to continue and improve coping actions to eradicate these diseases in the state.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las tendencias temporales de los casos notificados de hepatitis viral en Mato Grosso, Brasil, de 2010 a 2019. Método: estudio epidemiológico de tipo ecológico, con recolección de datos en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Información Obligatoria. Para el análisis de tendencia temporal se realizó una transformación logarítmica de los coeficientes y el procedimiento de Prais-Winsten para el análisis de regresión lineal generalizada. Resultados: se registraron 9.043 casos de hepatitis viral: hepatitis A (13,62%), B (67,19%), C (18,07%), D (0,49%) y ningún registro de hepatitis E. Hubo mayor prevalencia de casos notificados en 2014 (12,36%) y menor en 2018 (8,16%). La hepatitis C (IC 95% 2,5; 3,4) fue la única con tendencia creciente, mientras que la A (IC 95% -4,8; -4,6), B (IC 95% -0,9; -1,2) y D (IC 95% - 0.2; -3.9) mostraron una tendencia decreciente. Conclusión: es fundamental continuar y mejorar las acciones de afrontamiento para eliminar estas enfermedades en el estado, dadas las tendencias e incidencia que tienen.

Climate seasonality and lower respiratory tract diseases: a predictive model for pediatric hospitalizations.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the climate seasonality of respiratory diseases in children aged 0-9 years and present a model to predict hospital admissions for 2021 to 2022. METHODS: verify, in a temporal manner, the correlation of admissions for pneumonia, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, and asthma with meteorological variables, aiming to demonstrate seasonality with the adjustment of temporal series models. RESULTS: there was a seasonal effect in the number of registered cases for all diseases, with the highest incidence of registrations in the months of autumn and winter. CONCLUSIONS: it was possible to observe a tendency towards a decrease in the registration of pneumonia cases; In cases of admissions due to bronchitis and bronchiolitis, there was a slight tendency towards an increase; and, in occurrence rates of asthma, there was no variation in the number of cases.

Spatial analysis of vaccine coverage on the first year of life in the northeast of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Over time, vaccination has been consolidated as one of the most cost effective and successful public health interventions and a right of every human being. This study aimed to assess the spatial dynamics of the vaccine coverage (VC) rate of children aged < 1 year per municipality in the Brazilian Northeast at 2016 and 2017. METHODS: This is a mixed-type ecological study that use a Public domain data Health Information. Vaccine doses were obtained from the Information System of the Brazilian National Immunization Program, and live births from the Brazilian Information System of Live Births of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Descriptive analysis of the coverage of all the vaccines for each year of the study was conducted, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare VC between the study years. Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the association between the years and VC, which was stratified into four ranges, very low, low, adequate, and high. Spatial distribution was analyzed according to both each study year and vaccine and presented as thematic maps. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran's Global and Local statistics. RESULTS: Compared with 2017, 2016 showed better VC (p < 0.05), except for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. In the spatial analysis of the studied vaccines, the Global Moran's Index did not show any spatial autocorrelation (p > 0.05), but the Local Moran's Index showed some municipalities, particularly the Sertão Paraibano region, with high VC, high similarity, and a positive influence on neighboring municipalities (p < 0.05). In contrast, most municipalities with low VC were concentrated in the Mata Paraibano region, negatively influencing their neighbors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Uneven geographic regions and clusters of low VC for children aged < 1 year in the State of Paraíba were spatially visualized. Health policy makers and planners need to urgently devise and coordinate an action plan directed at each state's regions to fulfill the vaccination calendar, thereby reversing the vulnerability of this age group, which is at a higher risk of diseases preventable by vaccination.

Distribution of rare earth elements in soils of contrasting geological and pedological settings to support human health assessment and environmental policies.

Establishing quality reference values (QRVs) for rare earth elements (REEs) in soils is essential for the screening of these emergent contaminants. Currently, Brazil has the second-largest reserve of REEs, but data regarding background concentrations and distributions in soils remain scarce. The aim of this study was to establish the QRVs and assess the spatial distribution of REEs in soils, including REE fractionations and anomalies in (Piauí) state (251,529.186 km2), northeastern Brazil. This study reports the most detailed data on REE geochemistry in Brazilian soils. A total of 243 composite soil samples was collected at 0-20 cm depth. The mean background concentrations in soils followed the abundance of the earth's upper crust: Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Dy > Gd > Er > Yb > Eu > Tb > Lu. The ∑REEs (mg kg-1) showed the following order based on the individual mesoregions of Piauí state: Southeast (262.75) > North and Central-North (89.68) > Southwest (40.33). The highest QRVs were observed in the Southeast mesoregion. The establishment of QRVs based on the mesoregion scale improves data representativeness and the monitoring of natural REE values by identifying hot spots. Geostatistical modeling indicated significant local variability, especially in the Southeast mesoregion. The levels of these elements in this spatial zone are naturally higher than the other values across Piauí state and the mesoregion itself and indicate a high potential to exceed the QRVs. Our approach provides much needed data to help strengthen policies for both human health and environmental protection.

Hospitalização e taxa de ocupação de leitos em unidade de terapia intensiva COVID-19 / Hospitalization and bed occupancy rate in a COVID-19 intensive care unit

A maioria das pessoas desenvolvem sintomas leves ou moderados de COVID-19, porém algumas podem desenvolver sintomas graves, o que leva a hospitalizações. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a prevalência de casos confirmados de COVID-19, de hospitalização pela doença em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e da taxa de ocupação de leitos decorrentes da mesma nessas Unidades no município de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso. Estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados de fontes secundárias dos boletins epidemiológicos de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, de junho de 2020 a maio de 2021. Calculou-se, média de casos hospitalizados por mês e taxa de ocupação de leitos em terapia intensiva. Foram incluídos todos os casos notificados com COVID-19 e hospitalizados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de hospitais públicos do município. Análises foram realizadas com Software R e realizados teste de aderência de qui-quadrado e correlação de Kendall. Foram notificados 28.443 casos novos de COVID-19 no período estudado, sendo que a maior média dos casos hospitalizados em terapia intensiva na rede pública foi em maio de 2021 (n=51,1) e a taxa de ocupação de leitos foi em setembro de 2020 (129,17%). Em todas as regiões analisadas em comparativo com esse estudo, as UTI's operaram em estado de calamidade com altas taxas de ocupação. Identificou-se a relação do aumento do número de casos com as hospitalizações e taxas de ocupação das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, achados que indicam a necessidade de controle da COVID-19.

Most people develop mild or moderate symptoms of COVID-19, but some people develop severe symptoms, leading to hospitalizations. The objective of the research was to analyze the prevalence of confirmed cases of COVID-19, hospitalization for this disease in Intensive Care Units, and the occupancy rate of beds resulting from the same in these units in the municipality of Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with data from secondary sources of epidemiological bulletins in Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, from June 2020 to May 2021. The average number of hospitalized cases per month and the occupancy rate of intensive care beds were calculated. All cases reported with COVID-19 and hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of public hospitals in the municipality were included. Analyses were performed with R Software and the chi-square goodness-of-fit test and Kendall's correlation were performed. A total of 28,443 new cases of COVID-19 were reported during the study period, with the highest average of hospitalizations in the intensive care unit in the public health network was in May 2021 (n=51.1) and the bed occupancy rate was in September 2020 (129.17%). In all regions analyzed in comparison with this study, the ICUs operated in a state of calamity with high occupancy rates. A relationship between the increase in the number of cases and hospitalizations and occupancy rates of Intensive Care Units was identified, which are findings that indicate the need to control COVID-19.

Climate seasonality and lower respiratory tract diseases: a predictive model for pediatric hospitalizations / Estacionalidad climática y enfermedades de las vías respiratorias bajas: utilización de modelo predictor de hospitalizaciones pediátricas / Sazonalidade climática e doenças das vias respiratórias inferiores: utilização de modelo preditor de hospitalizações pediátricas

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the climate seasonality of respiratory diseases in children aged 0-9 years and present a model to predict hospital admissions for 2021 to 2022. Methods: verify, in a temporal manner, the correlation of admissions for pneumonia, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, and asthma with meteorological variables, aiming to demonstrate seasonality with the adjustment of temporal series models. Results: there was a seasonal effect in the number of registered cases for all diseases, with the highest incidence of registrations in the months of autumn and winter. Conclusions: it was possible to observe a tendency towards a decrease in the registration of pneumonia cases; In cases of admissions due to bronchitis and bronchiolitis, there was a slight tendency towards an increase; and, in occurrence rates of asthma, there was no variation in the number of cases.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la estacionalidad climática de las enfermedades respiratorias en niños de 0 a 9 años y presentar un modelo para previsión de internaciones hospitalarias para los años de 2021 a 2022. Métodos: se propuso verificar, de manera temporal, la correlación de internaciones para neumonitis, bronquitis/bronquiolitis y asma con variables meteorológicas, visando verificar la estacionalidad con el ajuste de modelos de series temporales. Resultados: se percibió, para todas las enfermedades, el efecto estacional en el número de casos registrados, con el mayor número de registros en los meses de otoño e invierno. Conclusiones: fue posible constatar una tendencia de disminución en el registro de casos de neumonitis; ya para los casos de internaciones por bronquitis y bronquiolitis, se observó una leve tendencia de aumento; y, en relación las tasas de ocurrencia de asma, no hubo variación.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a sazonalidade climática das doenças respiratórias em crianças de 0 a 9 anos e apresentar um modelo para previsão de internações hospitalares para os anos de 2021 a 2022. Métodos: propôs-se verificar, de maneira temporal, a correlação de internações para pneumonia, bronquite/bronquiolite e asma com variáveis meteorológicas, visando verificar a sazonalidade com o ajuste de modelos de séries temporais. Resultados: percebeu-se, para todas as enfermidades, o efeito sazonal no número de casos registrados, com o maior número de registros nos meses de outono e inverno. Conclusões: foi possível constatar uma tendência de diminuição no registro de casos de pneumonia; já para os casos de internações por bronquite e bronquiolite, observou-se uma leve tendência de aumento; e, em relação as taxas de ocorrência de asma, não houve variação.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and health conditions in the elderly treated in primary health care / Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y condiciones de salud en ancianos tratados en atención primaria de salud / Prevalência de sintomas depressivos e condições de saúde em idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms and health conditions in the elderly treated in Primary Health Care. Method: cross-sectional observational research, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 130 elderly people from a Brazilian municipality. Data collection occurred between November 2019 and March 2020, using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and a questionnaire, including sociodemographic data. Results: prevalence of depressive symptoms present in 78 elderly (63.1%). The associated independent variables were: female gender, age between 60 and 69 years, monthly income from 1 to 3 minimum wages, greater than nine years of schooling, mental and physical domain at risk, with more than three self-reported diseases and more than five medications used. Conclusion: the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly population studied requires investment in prevention actions, noting the need for practices that promote active aging and life satisfaction.

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y condiciones de salud en ancianos tratados en Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: investigación observacional transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizada con 130 ancianos de un municipio brasileño. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre noviembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020, utilizando la Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) y un cuestionario, incluyendo datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: prevalencia de síntomas depresivos presentes en 78 ancianos (63,1%). Las variables independientes asociadas fueron: sexo femenino, edad entre 60 y 69 años, ingresos mensuales de 1 a 3 salarios mínimos, mayor a nueve años de escolaridad, dominio mental y físico en riesgo, con más de tres enfermedades autoinformadas y más de cinco medicamentos utilizados. Conclusión: la alta prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en la población anciana estudiada requiere inversión en acciones de prevención, señalando la necesidad de prácticas que promuevan el envejecimiento activo y la satisfacción con la vida.

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e as condições de saúde em idosos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa observacional do tipo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 130 idosos de um município brasileiro. Coleta de dados ocorreu entre novembro de 2019 e março de 2020, utilizando Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e questionário, contemplando dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: prevalência de sintomas depressivos presentes em 78 idosos (63,1%). As variáveis independentes associadas foram: sexo feminino, idade entre 60 e 69 anos, renda mensal de 1 a 3 salários-mínimos, maior que nove anos de escolaridade, domínio mental e físico com risco, com mais de três doenças autorreferidas e mais de cinco medicamentos utilizados. Conclusão: a alta prevalência de sintomas depressivos na população idosa estudada requer investimento em ações de prevenção, atentando para a necessidade de práticas que promovam o envelhecimento ativo e a satisfação com a vida.

Factors related to the physical capacity of upper and lower limbs in quilombola elderly people. / Fatores relacionados à capacidade física de membros superiores e inferiores de idosos quilombolas.

This paper aimed to assess the factors related to the physical capacity of upper and lower limbs in quilombola older adults. This is a cross-sectional, analytic study performed with elderly residents in the quilombola community Caiana dos Crioulos, Alagoa Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The researched dependent variables were the physical capacity of upper and lower limbs. It was performed the Spearman correlation and multiple and linear simple regression (95% CI; p<0.05). This work was performed per Resolution 466/2012 from National Health Council. Forty-three older adults were assessed. The bivariate analyses showed a positive correlation between handgrip strength (HGS) and physical activity (PA), between HGS and arm muscle circumference (AMC), and an inverse correlation between Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and age. The multiple-model for HGS was significantly correlated with age, AMC, and years of study (R2=0.374; p<0.05). Regarding the SPPB, it showed a significant correlation with age (R2=0.2524; p=0.001). Therefore, the muscle mass reserve, years of study, and age were factors related to the physical capacity among quilombola older adults. The strict compliance of these aspects and the early intervention can preserve physical capacity and ensure the productive inclusion and economic autonomy so much sought in the communities' social agenda.

Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores relacionados à capacidade física de membros superiores e inferiores em idosos quilombolas. Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado com a população idosa residente na comunidade quilombola Caiana dos Crioulos, Alagoa Grande, estado da Paraíba. As variáveis dependentes investigadas foram capacidade física de membros superiores e de membros inferiores. Foi realizada correlação de Spearman e regressão linear simples e múltipla (IC95%; p<0,05). O estudo foi realizado em conformidade com a Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. Foram avaliados 43 idosos. A análise bivariada mostrou correlação positiva entre FPM e PAF; entre FPM e CMB e correlação inversa entre a SPPB e a idade. O modelo múltiplo para FPM mostrou correlação significativa com a idade, CMB e anos de estudo (R2=0,374; p<0,05). Para a SPPB mostrou correlação significativa com a idade (R2=0,2524; p=0,001). Assim, a reserva de massa muscular, anos de estudo e idade foram fatores relacionados à capacidade física entre os idosos quilombolas. A observância criteriosa destes aspectos e a intervenção precoce podem preservar a capacidade física e garantir a inclusão produtiva e a autonomia econômica tão pleiteada na agenda social das comunidades.

Fatores relacionados à capacidade física de membros superiores e inferiores de idosos quilombolas / Factors related to the physical capacity of upper and lower limbs in quilombola elderly people

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores relacionados à capacidade física de membros superiores e inferiores em idosos quilombolas. Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado com a população idosa residente na comunidade quilombola Caiana dos Crioulos, Alagoa Grande, estado da Paraíba. As variáveis dependentes investigadas foram capacidade física de membros superiores e de membros inferiores. Foi realizada correlação de Spearman e regressão linear simples e múltipla (IC95%; p<0,05). O estudo foi realizado em conformidade com a Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. Foram avaliados 43 idosos. A análise bivariada mostrou correlação positiva entre FPM e PAF; entre FPM e CMB e correlação inversa entre a SPPB e a idade. O modelo múltiplo para FPM mostrou correlação significativa com a idade, CMB e anos de estudo (R2=0,374; p<0,05). Para a SPPB mostrou correlação significativa com a idade (R2=0,2524; p=0,001). Assim, a reserva de massa muscular, anos de estudo e idade foram fatores relacionados à capacidade física entre os idosos quilombolas. A observância criteriosa destes aspectos e a intervenção precoce podem preservar a capacidade física e garantir a inclusão produtiva e a autonomia econômica tão pleiteada na agenda social das comunidades.

Abstract This paper aimed to assess the factors related to the physical capacity of upper and lower limbs in quilombola older adults. This is a cross-sectional, analytic study performed with elderly residents in the quilombola community Caiana dos Crioulos, Alagoa Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The researched dependent variables were the physical capacity of upper and lower limbs. It was performed the Spearman correlation and multiple and linear simple regression (95% CI; p<0.05). This work was performed per Resolution 466/2012 from National Health Council. Forty-three older adults were assessed. The bivariate analyses showed a positive correlation between handgrip strength (HGS) and physical activity (PA), between HGS and arm muscle circumference (AMC), and an inverse correlation between Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and age. The multiple-model for HGS was significantly correlated with age, AMC, and years of study (R2=0.374; p<0.05). Regarding the SPPB, it showed a significant correlation with age (R2=0.2524; p=0.001). Therefore, the muscle mass reserve, years of study, and age were factors related to the physical capacity among quilombola older adults. The strict compliance of these aspects and the early intervention can preserve physical capacity and ensure the productive inclusion and economic autonomy so much sought in the communities' social agenda.

Instrument to evaluate the behavioral intention of hypertensive people when taking anti-hypertensives.

OBJECTIVES: to build and analyze the validity of an instrument to assess the behavioral intention of individuals with hypertension to take antihypertensive pills. METHODS: methodological study based on the theory of planned behavior, developed in three stages: preparation of the instrument, validation of content and pre-test with the target audience. The content has been validated by six experts. The Content Validity Index was applied. RESULTS: five nurses and one psychologist participated, with experiences in systemic arterial hypertension and/or planned behavior theory. The first version of the instrument contained 40 items. After analysis, the second version originated, with 36 items. 100% agreement was obtained for the scope of the constructions. The pre-test showed clarity and understanding of the items by the target audience. CONCLUSIONS: the instrument is a reliable and innovative technological product for use in populations with systemic arterial hypertension and beliefs similar to those identified in the surveyed group.

Proposal for computer-aided diagnosis based on ultrasound images of the kidney: is it possible to compare shades of gray among such images?

OBJECTIVE: To compare ultrasound images of the kidney obtained, randomly or in a controlled manner (standardizing the physical aspects of the ultrasound system), by various professionals and with different devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated a total of 919 images of kidneys, obtained by five professionals using two types of ultrasound systems, in 24 patients. The images were categorized into four types, by how they were acquired and processed. We compared the gray-scale median and different gray-scale ranges representative of virtual histological tissues. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences among the five professionals, regardless of the type of ultrasound system employed, in terms of the gray-scale medians for the images obtained (p < 2.2e-16). Analyzing the four categories of images-a totally random image (without any standardization); a standardized image (with fixed values for gain, time gain control, and dynamic range); a normalized version of the random image; and a normalized version of the standardized image-we determined that the random image, even after normalization, differed quite significantly among the professionals (p = 0.006098). The analysis of the normalized version of the standardized image did not differ significantly among the professionals (p = 0.7319). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that a gray-scale analysis of ultrasound images of the kidney performs better when the image acquisition process is standardized and the images undergo a process of normalization.

OBJETIVO: Comparar imagens renais ultrassonográficas obtidas de maneira aleatória e controlada (padronizando fatores físicos do aparelho de ultrassom) por diferentes profissionais e aparelhos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos quatro tipos de imagens, de acordo com sua aquisição e processamento por cinco profissionais e dois tipos de aparelhos de ultrassonografia, em 24 pacientes, totalizando 919 imagens. Comparamos a mediana de escala de cinza e diferentes intervalos de tons de cinza representantes de tecidos histológicos virtuais. RESULTADOS: As medianas de escala de cinza de imagens renais obtidas por dois tipos de aparelhos foram estatisticamente diferentes (p < 2.2e-16). Analisando os quatro tipos de imagens, partindo de uma totalmente aleatória (sem qualquer padronização), uma padronizada (fixado o ganho, time gain control e dynamic range), e essas duas passando por um processo de normatização, obteve-se que a imagem aleatória é totalmente diversa entre os profissionais (p = 0,006098), mesmo passando pelo processo de normatização. A imagem padronizada, após passar pelo processo de normatização, apresentou resultados equivalentes, não possuindo diferença estatística (p = 0,7319). CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que na análise de tons de cinza deve-se usar um mesmo tipo de máquina e uma imagem em que sejam padronizados aspectos físicos, passando por um processo de normatização/padronização.

Proposal for computer-aided diagnosis based on ultrasound images of the kidney: is it possible to compare shades of gray among such images? / Proposição de um diagnóstico auxiliado por computador de imagem renal ultrassonográfica: é possível comparar tons de cinza das imagens ultrassonográficas renais?

Abstract Objective: To compare ultrasound images of the kidney obtained, randomly or in a controlled manner (standardizing the physical aspects of the ultrasound system), by various professionals and with different devices. Materials and Methods: We evaluated a total of 919 images of kidneys, obtained by five professionals using two types of ultrasound systems, in 24 patients. The images were categorized into four types, by how they were acquired and processed. We compared the gray-scale median and different gray-scale ranges representative of virtual histological tissues. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the five professionals, regardless of the type of ultrasound system employed, in terms of the gray-scale medians for the images obtained (p < 2.2e-16). Analyzing the four categories of images-a totally random image (without any standardization); a standardized image (with fixed values for gain, time gain control, and dynamic range); a normalized version of the random image; and a normalized version of the standardized image-we determined that the random image, even after normalization, differed quite significantly among the professionals (p = 0.006098). The analysis of the normalized version of the standardized image did not differ significantly among the professionals (p = 0.7319). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a gray-scale analysis of ultrasound images of the kidney performs better when the image acquisition process is standardized and the images undergo a process of normalization.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar imagens renais ultrassonográficas obtidas de maneira aleatória e controlada (padronizando fatores físicos do aparelho de ultrassom) por diferentes profissionais e aparelhos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram obtidos quatro tipos de imagens, de acordo com sua aquisição e processamento por cinco profissionais e dois tipos de aparelhos de ultrassonografia, em 24 pacientes, totalizando 919 imagens. Comparamos a mediana de escala de cinza e diferentes intervalos de tons de cinza representantes de tecidos histológicos virtuais. Resultados: As medianas de escala de cinza de imagens renais obtidas por dois tipos de aparelhos foram estatisticamente diferentes (p < 2.2e-16). Analisando os quatro tipos de imagens, partindo de uma totalmente aleatória (sem qualquer padronização), uma padronizada (fixado o ganho, time gain control e dynamic range), e essas duas passando por um processo de normatização, obteve-se que a imagem aleatória é totalmente diversa entre os profissionais (p = 0,006098), mesmo passando pelo processo de normatização. A imagem padronizada, após passar pelo processo de normatização, apresentou resultados equivalentes, não possuindo diferença estatística (p = 0,7319). Conclusão: Constatou-se que na análise de tons de cinza deve-se usar um mesmo tipo de máquina e uma imagem em que sejam padronizados aspectos físicos, passando por um processo de normatização/padronização.

Instrument to evaluate the behavioral intention of hypertensive people when taking anti-hypertensives / Instrumento para evaluar la intención del comportamiento de hipertensos de tomar los antihipertensivos / Instrumento para avaliar intenção comportamental de hipertensos de tomar os anti-hipertensivos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and analyze the validity of an instrument to assess the behavioral intention of individuals with hypertension to take antihypertensive pills. Methods: methodological study based on the theory of planned behavior, developed in three stages: preparation of the instrument, validation of content and pre-test with the target audience. The content has been validated by six experts. The Content Validity Index was applied. Results: five nurses and one psychologist participated, with experiences in systemic arterial hypertension and/or planned behavior theory. The first version of the instrument contained 40 items. After analysis, the second version originated, with 36 items. 100% agreement was obtained for the scope of the constructions. The pre-test showed clarity and understanding of the items by the target audience. Conclusions: the instrument is a reliable and innovative technological product for use in populations with systemic arterial hypertension and beliefs similar to those identified in the surveyed group.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y analizar la validez de contenido de un instrumento para evaluar la intención del comportamiento de individuos hipertensos de tomar comprimidos antihipertensivos. Métodos: estudio metodológico fundamentado en la teoría del comportamiento planeado, desarrollado en tres etapas: elaboración del instrumento, validez de contenido y pretest con el público objetivo. El contenido ha validado por seis especialistas. Se aplicó el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: participaron cinco enfermeros y un psicólogo, con experiencias en hipertensión arterial sistémica y/o teoría del comportamiento planeado. La primera versión del instrumento contenía 40 ítems. Después del análisis, se originó la segunda, con 36 ítems. Se obtuvo concordancia de 100% para inclusión de los constructos. El pretest evidenció claridad y comprensión de los ítems por el público objetivo. Conclusiones: el instrumento se configura un producto tecnológico confiable e innovador para utilización en poblaciones con hipertensión arterial sistémica y creencias semejantes a las identificadas en el equipo investigado.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e analisar a validade de conteúdo de um instrumento para avaliar a intenção comportamental de indivíduos com hipertensão de tomar comprimidos anti-hipertensivos. Métodos: estudo metodológico fundamentado na teoria do comportamento planejado, desenvolvido em três etapas: elaboração do instrumento, validação de conteúdo e pré-teste com o público-alvo. O conteúdo foi validado por seis especialistas. Aplicou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: participaram cinco enfermeiros e um psicólogo, com experiências em hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou teoria do comportamento planejado. A primeira versão do instrumento continha 40 itens. Após análise, originou-se a segunda versão, com 36 itens. Obteve-se concordância de 100% para abrangência dos constructos. O pré-teste evidenciou clareza e compreensão dos itens pelo públicoalvo. Conclusões: o instrumento configura-se um produto tecnológico confiável e inovador para utilização em populações com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e crenças semelhantes às identificadas no grupo pesquisado.

Fatores associados às incapacidades físicas de hanseníase: um estudo transversal / Factors associated with physical disabilities of leprosy: a cross-sectional study

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa que pode gerar incapacidade física, classificada de acordo com graus que variam de 0 a II. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar fatores relacionados ao grau de incapacidade física (GIF) dos casos de hanseníase. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e retrospectivo, com dados de notificação de hanseníase com GIF de Rondonópolis (MT) (2009 a 2018). Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para associações (nível de significância 5%). Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética (Parecer:3.036.673). Foram 1633 notificações de hanseníase, com predomínio do GIF Zero (60,32%). As características sociodemográficas que predominaram foram: sexo masculino (58%), raça parda (55,66%), faixa etária 20 aos 59 anos (72,81%), ensino fundamental (50,83%) e procedentes da zona urbana (90,39%). As características epidemiológicas predominaram: forma clínica dimorfa (70,3%), classificação operacional multibacilar (84,81%), esquema terapêutico PQT/MB 12 doses (83,77%), modo de detecção demanda espontânea (39,13%) e tipo de alta por cura (79,98%). O grau zero de incapacidade física representou 60,32% dos casos e destes, 53,97% obtiveram-se lesões cutâneas e 32,72% dos nervos afetados. Com exceção das variáveis número de lesões cutâneas e de nervos afetados, as demais apresentaram significância estatística. Conclui-se que é necessário que sejam eficientes a busca ativa de casos de hanseníase e a notificação, com vistas ao diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado, evitando a ocorrência de incapacidades físicas.

Leprosy is an infectious disease that can cause physical disability, classified according to degrees ranging from 0 to II. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the degree of physical disability (DPD) of leprosy cases. This was an epidemiological, cross-sectional, and retrospective study, with leprosy notification data with DPD from Rondonópolis (MT) (2009 to 2018). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-squared test for associations were used (significance level 5%). Research was approved by the Ethics Committee (Opinion: 3.036.673). There were 1633 leprosy notifications, with a predominance of Zero DPD (60.32%). The predominant sociodemographic characteristics were: males (58%), brown race (55.66%), age group 20 to 59 years old (72.81%), elementary education (50.83%), and from an urban area (90.39%). Epidemiological characteristics that predominated were: dimorphic clinical form (70.3%), multibacillary operational classification (84.81%), multibacillary polychemotherapy therapeutic approach of 12 doses (83.77%), spontaneous demand mode of detection (39.13%), and type of discharge due to cure (79.98%). The zero degree of physical disability represented 60.32% of the cases and of these, 53.97% had cutaneous lesions and 32.72% had affected nerves. With the exception of the variables number of skin lesions and affected nerves, the others showed statistical significance. We conclude that it is necessary that the active search for leprosy cases and notification are efficient, with a view to early diagnosis and adequate treatment, avoiding the occurrence of physical disabilities.

Fatores associados ao uso de práticas integrativas e complementares por hipertensos e diabéticos / Factors associated with the use of Complementary and Integrative Practices by hypertensive and diabetic patients

As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) são utilizadas por hipertensos e diabéticos e contribuem com a qualidade de vida dessa população. A divulgação de conhecimentos sobre PICs poderá contribuir para ampliação da oferta desses serviços e de um cuidado integral à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de PICs por hipertensos e ou diabéticos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal. Participaram deste estudo 124 indivíduos que autodeclararam hipertensão e ou diabetes, moradores do Município de Rondonópolis, MT. Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios dos pesquisados e utilizou-se modelos de regressão logística para análise dos dados. A prevalência do uso de PICs foi de 22,22%, sendo as plantas medicinais a prática mais utilizada (71,43%). A maioria (66,44%) dos entrevistados utilizou PICs por indicação de familiares. O uso de PICs foi associado à escolaridade (RP = 0,35; IC95% 0,14 ­ 0,89) e ansiedade (RP: 4,4; IC95% 1,34 -14,43). Os hipertensos e diabéticos com maior escolaridade apresentam menores chances para uso de PICs e aqueles com ansiedade mostram-se mais propensos à essas práticas. Os dados apontam para uma reduzida prevalência de uso de PICs e para a necessidade de ampliação de oferta de práticas integrativas para a população.

Complementary and Integrative Practices (CIPs) are used by hypertensive and diabetic patients and contribute to the quality of life of this population. The dissemination of knowledge about CIPs can contribute to expanding the offer of these services and providing a more comprehensive health care. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with the use of CIPs by hypertensive and/or diabetic patients. This was a cross-sectional survey. 124 individuals who identified themselves as having hypertension and/or diabetes and living in the city of Rondonópolis, MT, participated in this study. Data were collected in the respondents' homes and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The prevalence of the use of CIPs was 22.22%, with medicinal plants being the most used practice (71.43%). The majority (66.44%) of respondents used CIPs as indicated by family members. The use of CIPs was associated with education (PR: 0.35; 95%CI 0.14 ­ 0.89) and anxiety (PR: 4.4; 95%CI 1.34 -14.43). Hypertensive and diabetic patients with a higher education are less likely to use CIPs and those with anxiety are more prone to these practices. The data point to a reduced prevalence of use of CIPs and the need to expand the offer of integrative practices to the population.

Fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar / Factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar / Factors associated with abandonment of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento dos casos de tuberculose pulmonar de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil, de 2008 a 2017. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e de série histórica. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informações sobre Agravos de Notificação. Realizou-se análise descritiva e, para verificar associações, foram utilizados testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher nos casos de frequências menores que cinco. Foram estimados odds ratio e intervalos de 95% de confiança. Resultados: houve 584 casos de tuberculose pulmonar, destes 8,56% abandonaram o tratamento. O perfil dos casos de abandono foi: sexo masculino (62%), adultos (94%), pardos (54%), ensino fundamental (48%), zona urbana (90%) e realizaram Tratamento Diretamente Observado (56%). A faixa etária e TDO foram fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento. Conclusão: este estudo poderá contribuir no planejamento das ações em saúde com estratégias de prevenção com a finalidade de garantir adesão ao tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento de los casos de tuberculosis pulmonar en Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil, de 2008 a 2017. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y de series de casos. Los datos fueron recolectados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y, para verificar asociaciones, se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher en los casos con frecuencias menores a cinco. Las razones de probabilidad y los intervalos de confianza se estimaron en 95%. Resultados: se registraron 584 casos de tuberculosis pulmonar, de los cuales el 8.56% abandonó el tratamiento. El perfil de los casos de deserción fue: sexo masculino (62%), adultos (94%), de piel morena (54%), escuela primaria (48%), zona urbana (90%) y sometidos a Tratamiento Directamente Observado (56%). El rango de edad y el TDO fueron factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento. Conclusión: este estudio puede contribuir a la planificación de acciones de salud con estrategias de prevención para garantizar la adherencia al tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the abandonment of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2008 to 2017. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study, of historical series. The data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. A descriptive analysis was carried out and, in order to verify associations, the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used in cases with frequencies below five. The Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: there were 584 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, of which 8.56% abandoned the treatment. The profile of the abandonment cases was as follows: male (62%), adults (94%), brown-skinned (54%), elementary school (48%), urban area (90%), and who underwent Directly Observed Treatment (56%). Age group and DOT were factors associated with treatment abandonment. Conclusion: this study will be able to contribute to the planning of health actions with prevention strategies, aiming to ensure adherence to the treatment.

Assessment of Primary Health Care Attributes in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the presence and extent of Primary Health Care attributes in Campina Grande, Paraíba. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study with 202 professionals from the Basic Health Units. The Primary Care Assessment Tool, Brazil, was used, which includes eight attributes of primary care whose scores were converted into a scale from 0 to 10, with those considered satisfactory > 6.60. RESULT: the general score mean was 7.6, but First contact access obtained a score of 3.7. Dental surgeons attributed the worst scores for all attributes (p <0.05). Permanent education activity was associated with a high general score (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: with the exception of First contact access, the other attributes are present, but initiatives by teams and managers are necessary for its expansion, with permanent education being the main strategy in this process.